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|} The Hardanger Line ((ノルウェー語:Hardangerbana or Hardangerbanen)) was a railway between Voss and Granvin in Hordaland, Norway. The line connected to the Bergen Line in Voss, and ran to the Hardangerfjord and the district of Hardanger. Construction started in 1921, but the line did not open until 1 April 1935. Owned and operated by the Norwegian State Railways (NSB), the passenger transport was provided by three NSB Class 64 electric multiple units. They remained in use until 1985, when passenger transport was terminated. All transport ceased in 1988, and of the line was demolished in 1991. The from Voss to Palmafoss remains, and is owned by the Norwegian National Rail Administration. The line featured six stations, fourteen halts, four tunnels and was among Norway's steepest railways. It was NSB's first line to open electrified. The line was known as the Granvin Line () until February 1936. ==Route== The Hardanger Line ran from Voss to Granvin in Hardanger.〔Aspenberg (1994): 250〕 From Voss to Skjervet, the line ran in relatively flat terrain, with easy construction.〔Aspenberg (1994): 251〕 Along this section the route followed what is now Norwegian National Road 13. At Skjervet, the two split;〔Hordaland County Municipality (1981):59〕 towards Nesheim the gradient increased and the topography became more difficult. On this section there were four tunnels, named Skjervet Tunnel I through IV,〔 the longest being .〔Bjerke (1994): 146〕 Between the two longest tunnels, the line was built on a shelf. Later, the tunnel was extended from to also include that portion in the tunnel.〔Aspenberg (1994): 254〕 From Skjervet, the railway ran on the west side of the river Granvinvatnet, while the road ran on the east side.〔 The Hardanger Line was built with a minimum curve radius of , a maximum gradient of 4.5 percent and built with standard gauge tracks weighing 25 kilograms per meter (50 lb/yd),〔 later increased to 30 kilograms per meter (60 lb/yd).〔 In 1980, the section from Voss to Palmafoss had a permitted axle load of and a maximum speed of . From Palmafoss to Granvin, the permitted axle load was and the maximum speed was .〔Hordaland County Municipality (1981): 22〕 The system had stations with buildings at Voss, Palmafoss, Mønshaug, Skjervet, Nesheim and Granvin. In addition, there were halts at Haugamo, Kinne, Bjørgum, Mala, Dalsleitet, Flatlandsmo, Såkvitno, Selland and Kolanes.〔 Granvin is a port on the Hardangerfjord and was the center for freight transport in Hardanger. Hardanger is dominated by a small number of large industrial companies, primarily smelters, which were responsible for more than 80 percent of the line's cargo volume.〔Hordaland County Municipality (1981): 4〕 While Hardanger in the 1980s had a population of 40,000, Granvin had a population of 1,000 and was the smallest municipality in Hardanger.〔Hordaland County Municipality (1981): 11〕 Granvin served as a ferry hub for services by Hardanger Sunnhordlandske Dampskipsselskap (HSD), and in 1980 there up to two daily services with the local ferry services in Hardanger, in addition to fast ferries to both Bergen and Stavanger.〔Hordaland County Municipality (1981): 15〕 Buses operated to Granvin from Norheimsund and Kvanndal.〔Hordaland County Municipality (1981): 62〕 The line and power system is intact for from Voss to Palmafoss and is retained by the Norwegian National Rail Administration.〔Aspenberg (1994): 257〕 From there to Skjervet, the line has been asphalted, and is used as a hiking and bicycle path. The section from Skjervet to Nesheim is disused, although it has been proposed used as a road. From Nesheim the hiking and bicycle path continues, although the last kilometer before Granvin the right-of-way is disused. The station buildings at Nesheim and Granvin remain, but the ones at Palmafoss, Mønshaug and Skjervet has been demolished.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Hardanger Line」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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